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Infant nutritional status evaluation is a basic experimental skill in the experimental teaching of nutrition and food hygiene. The construction of this virtual simulation experiment can solve the problems of activeness and poor coordination of infants and young children in the actual operation of the experiment. And based on the application of this virtual simulation project, the experimental teaching method of preventive medicine was explored. This experiment adopted online and offline mixed teaching method, which enriches teaching measures and strengthens the standardized process of infant nutritional status evaluation. After 3 semesters of practice from spring 2018 to spring 2020, the proportion of students who achieved excellent grades was 30.09% (34/113), 56.02% (279/498) and 66.79% (1 080/1 617), respectively, which increased significantly year by year ( Ptrend < 0.001). Among all the 2 228 students, 1 983 students (89%) believed that this experimental teaching could better cultivate the ability of autonomous learning. Through the study of virtual simulation experiments, students have improved their subjective initiative, and laid a foundation for the improvement of students' overall quality and the requirements of school elite education.
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In the spirit of curriculum-centered principle, the research group actively explored the content construction, operation mode and teaching method reform of comprehensive experimental course of basic medicine. Guided by diseases and application, experimental teaching courses based on the preparation and intervention process of animal models of diseases were extensively carried out, and "innovative" experimental items were added to ensure that the course contents reflected the frontier and the times. The course construction was guided by the training of biomedical frontier methods, making efforts to cultivate students' learning ability, practical ability and innovative ability. In addition, on the basis of optimizing the course content construction oriented to practical application and innovation, a virtual simulation experiment project is built, combined with online-offline hybrid teaching, to improve the comprehensive practical ability of trainees.
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The following curriculum reforms in medical functional experiment have been performed in Guangzhou Medical University: taking comprehensive experiments as main contents, supported by self-designed experiments and innovative experiments after class, applying the blended teaching mode by combining virtual simulation experiments and animal experiments, setting up "simulative functional experiment" as an optional course based on intelligent simulated human system, and developing medical popular science education for teenagers. Questionnaire results show that, through these reforms, remarkable effects have been achieved in students' integrated practical ability, scientific accomplishment, clinical and innovative thinking ability.
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Based on the experimental teaching reform of health information management courses in Capital Medical University, this paper has explored the paths of experimental teaching suitable for the health management profession and provided suggestions for the teaching reform. The research was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the needs of experimental teaching of health information management course were investigated. In the second stage, the experimental teaching practice was carried out based on the hospital information system platform. In the third stage, the experimental teaching effect was evaluated. The results showed that medical undergraduates have a great demand for the experimental teaching of the course. The experimental teaching method can greatly improve the interest of students in learning. The experimental teaching effect is good, and it is helpful to improve the students' practical ability and logical analysis ability. Furthermore, it is necessary and feasible to introduce experimental teaching into the specialty of health management, and better teaching effects will be achieved by closely combining the teaching reform practice with hardware and software configuration, personnel quality training and management.
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Through the description of the content and design of "first-class course of virtual simulation of flow cytometry application", combined with the application in experimental teaching of different subjects, this paper expounds the teaching effect and students' evaluation of the blended learning method of "virtual simulation experiment of flow cytometry application" combined with offline experimental content by means of questionnaire survey, and puts forward some views and opinions on the construction of the virtual simulation experiment teaching content system.
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Experimental teaching occupies an important position in the teaching of medical laboratory technology. At present, many experimental projects cannot be carried out due to the high cost and the long process of the experiment, the difficulty of morphology teaching and the biological safety of clinical specimens. Virtual simulation experiment platform can break through the limitations of conventional experimental teaching in time, space and safety by integrating course experiment, increasing the experiment test item, building morphological inspection data repository, the virtual operation platform for inspection instrument and equipment and the virtual experiment assessment operation platform, and play an important role in the experimental teaching. This paper reviews the current situation of experimental teaching of medical laboratory technology, the construction and application, the existing problems and countermeasures of virtual simulation experiment platform, and expects to provide reference for the construction and application of virtual simulation experiment platform for medical laboratory technology in the future.
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Objective To discuss the application value of vehicle-pedestrian collision road traffic accidents reconstruction based on PC-Crash software in forensic identification. Methods A case of vehicle-pedestrian collision was chosen based on a tachograph, then PC-Crash software was applied to construct a vehicle-pedestrian collision model, and reconstruct the vehicle-pedestrian collision road traffic accident. Finally, the process of vehicle-pedestrian collision was reproduced. Results In accident reconstruction, when the car speed was lower than 50km/h, the landing point of the pedestrian after collision was in the front of the car. When the car speed was higher than 50 km/h, after collision, the pedestrian flipped towards the car roof and landed behind the car. With the increase of vehicle speed, throwing distance of the pedestrian increased continuously. When the vehicle collision speed reached 60 km/h, the experimental results in this case were basically consistent with the actual situation of the case. Head acceleration of the pedestrian was at the maximum （1 655.70 m/s2） at 0.080 s. Chest acceleration of the pedestrian increased from 597.63 m/s2 to the peak 675.52 m/s2 at 0.055-0.060 s. Tibia acceleration of the pedestrian increased from 759.26 m/s2 to the first peak 1 367.06 m/s2, then reached the maximum speed （1 718.19 m/s2） at 1.225 s. Conclusion The process of vehicle-pedestrian collision road traffic accidents can be reconstructed based on PC-Crash software under a situation of limited conditions, and can further clarify the speed of the vehicle, the location and degree of human body injury as well as the mechanism of damage of the pedestrian in the accident. Therefore, PC-Crash software has a certain practical value in forensic identification of road traffic accidents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acceleration , Accidents, Traffic , Forensic Sciences , Head , Pedestrians , SoftwareABSTRACT
Optogenetics is one of the biggest breakthroughs in neurobiology in recent decades,which is a revolutionary approach to precise intervention of specific cell functions through the combination of optical and genetic engineering techniques.However,this technique involves the interdisciplinary theoretical knowledge and methods,and it requires expensive equipments and long experimental period.Thus,it is not convenient to carry out widely in experiment teaching for undergraduates except the virtual simulation teaching.In present virtual simulation experiment,we aim to learn the basic principle,operation and application of optogenetics and achieve the desired teaching effects by simulating the process of the virus package,simulating the process of the animal selection,surgery and virus stereotactic microinjection,simulating the expression process of photosensitive channel,the extracellular verification process of photosensitive channel function in vivo,and simulating the observation process that optogenetic inhibition of glutamate neurons in the amygdala affect animal fear behavior.In this paper,the content design of the script making of the virtual experiment has been discussed in the above ways.
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To evaluate the effect of an automatic identification system of Schistosoma japonicum miracidia, and compare it with the traditional eye detection method in the simulation field.A total of 260 fecal samples were collected from schistosomiasis non-endemic areas, and the test sample bottles containing schistosome miracidia were prepared according to different experimental needs. Thirty fecal samples for the sensitivity test were separately added with five fresh miracidia per sample, and then the mixed samples were detected by two experienced technicians (with more than 15 years’ traditional test experience) or the automatic system. The positive detection rates were compared between the two methods. Thirty fecal samples for repetition test were separately added with ten fresh miracidia per sample, and then the mixed samples were detected separately with the automatic identification system by two experienced technicians. The results were compared between two persons. The two methods including the automatic identification system and the traditional eye detection method were carried out blindly with totally 200 samples in the simulation field. There were three groups (each with 30 samples) : Group 1 with more than 21 fresh miracidia, Group 2 with 6 to 20 fresh miracidia, and Group 3 with 1 to 5 fresh miracidia. The other 110 samples were as a negative group. The detection time, accuracy, missed detection rate, and false detection rate of the two methods were statistically compared.The positive detection rates of the 30 positive samples were 43.33% and 33.33% by the two technicians with the traditional eye detection method, respectively, while the detection rate was 80.00% by the automatic identification system, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.05, χ2 = 12.97, both P < 0.01). Thirty positive samples were detected by the two technicians using the same automatic identification system, and the positive detection rates of the two were 96.67% and 86.67%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 0.27, P > 0.05). The experiments showed that the correct detection rate of the positive samples was 98.00% by the automatic identification system, which was higher than 79.75% by the traditional eye detection method. The detection time of the automatic identification system was shortened by half compared with that of the traditional eye detection method. The missed detection rate, and false detection rate of the automatic identification system were 2.22% and 1.82%, respectively, which were much lower than 35.56% and 7.73% of the traditional eye detection method.Compared with the traditional eye detection method, the automatic identification system of S. japonicum miracidia has the advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability, short detection time, high accuracy, low missed detection rate, and low false detection rate. It can be used in the field and clinical detection in replacement of the traditional eye detection method.
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Virtual simulation experiments use the virtual simulation technology to simulate the exper-imental process and experimental instrument,which is intuitive, sharing and cost-saving. Due to the single form of traditional experiment of sanitary chemicals in cosmetics testing and the limitation of experimental time, place and funding, this paper attempts to apply the virtual simulation experiment to sanitary chemicals in cosmetics testing experiment teaching. From the aspects of optimizing experimental items, organizing virtual simulation experiments and evaluating teaching effects, this paper discusses the application of virtual simulation experiment in sanitary chemicals in cosmetics testing experiment teaching.
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Objective To investigate the optimal scheme about the external loading of resetting tensile stress for clavicular fracture,so as to provide some mechanical references for optimal design of external fixators for clavicular fracture.Methods The shoulder CT scanning data from a volunteer were used to establish the three-dimensional model of human left shoulder by Mimics software.In order to better simulate the actual human shoulder,the ligament tissues were added in the model and the constraints of muscles were considered,and the experimental model for simulation analysis on resetting tensile stress was established.By 3 simulation experiments,the impacts from directions of resetting tensile stress,positions of action points and value ranges were simulated and analyzed,respectively.The resetting tensile stresses obtained from clavicle of the shoulder model under various external loading cases were simulated by orthogonal test methods.Results When the θ (angle between the horizontal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the coronal axis) was greater than 45°,clavicle could obtain the resetting tensile stress,which became greater with the angle θ increasing.When η (angle between the sagittal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the sagittal axis) was 30°-45°,the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was the maximum.The farther the position on which the loads from external fixator was exerted from the horizontal position of clavicle,the larger the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was.Conclusions The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal resetting tensile stress is produced with parameter combination of θ =65°,η =50°,acting on the center of humerus head of the shoulder.
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Objective To investigate the optimal scheme about the external loading of resetting tensile stress for clavicular fractures, so as to provide some mechanical references for optimal design of external fixators for clavicular fractures. Methods The shoulder CT scanning data from a volunteer were used to establish the three-dimensional model of human left shoulder by Mimics software. In order to better simulate the actual human shoulder, the ligament tissues were added in the model and the constraints of muscles were considered, and the experimental model for simulation analysis on resetting tensile stress was established. By 3 simulation experiments, the impacts from directions of resetting tensile stress, positions of action points and value ranges were simulated and analyzed, respectively. The resetting tensile stresses obtained from clavicle of the shoulder model under various external loading cases were simulated by orthogonal test methods. Results When the (angle between the horizontal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the coronal axis ) was greater than 45°, clavicle could obtain the resetting tensile stress, which became greater with the angle increasing. When (angle between the sagittal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the sagittal axis) was 30°-45°, the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was the maximum. The farther the position on which the loads from external fixator was exerted from the horizontal position of clavicle, the larger the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was. Conclusions The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal resetting tensile stress is produced with parameter combination of θ=65°, η=50°, acting on the center of humerus head of the shoulder
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Objective To investigate the optimal scheme about the external loading of resetting tensile stress for clavicular fracture,so as to provide some mechanical references for optimal design of external fixators for clavicular fracture.Methods The shoulder CT scanning data from a volunteer were used to establish the three-dimensional model of human left shoulder by Mimics software.In order to better simulate the actual human shoulder,the ligament tissues were added in the model and the constraints of muscles were considered,and the experimental model for simulation analysis on resetting tensile stress was established.By 3 simulation experiments,the impacts from directions of resetting tensile stress,positions of action points and value ranges were simulated and analyzed,respectively.The resetting tensile stresses obtained from clavicle of the shoulder model under various external loading cases were simulated by orthogonal test methods.Results When the θ (angle between the horizontal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the coronal axis) was greater than 45°,clavicle could obtain the resetting tensile stress,which became greater with the angle θ increasing.When η (angle between the sagittal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the sagittal axis) was 30°-45°,the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was the maximum.The farther the position on which the loads from external fixator was exerted from the horizontal position of clavicle,the larger the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was.Conclusions The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal resetting tensile stress is produced with parameter combination of θ =65°,η =50°,acting on the center of humerus head of the shoulder.
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Objective To investigate the optimal scheme about the external loading of resetting tensile stress for clavicular fracture,so as to provide some mechanical references for optimal design of external fixators for clavicular fracture.Methods The shoulder CT scanning data from a volunteer were used to establish the three-dimensional model of human left shoulder by Mimics software.In order to better simulate the actual human shoulder,the ligament tissues were added in the model and the constraints of muscles were considered,and the experimental model for simulation analysis on resetting tensile stress was established.By 3 simulation experiments,the impacts from directions of resetting tensile stress,positions of action points and value ranges were simulated and analyzed,respectively.The resetting tensile stresses obtained from clavicle of the shoulder model under various external loading cases were simulated by orthogonal test methods.Results When the θ (angle between the horizontal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the coronal axis) was greater than 45°,clavicle could obtain the resetting tensile stress,which became greater with the angle θ increasing.When η (angle between the sagittal plane projection of shoulder force which was loaded by external fixator and the sagittal axis) was 30°-45°,the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was the maximum.The farther the position on which the loads from external fixator was exerted from the horizontal position of clavicle,the larger the resetting tensile stress of clavicle was.Conclusions The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal resetting tensile stress is produced with parameter combination of θ =65°,η =50°,acting on the center of humerus head of the shoulder.
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Objective:To design a automatic classification system for leukocytes in order to increase detection speed of manual microscope inspection and reduce the inaccurate detected results in clinical laboratory; and to evaluate this system.Methods: In this system, the image processing and algorithm classifying were achieved by MATLAB software consisted of digital image processing module and automatic classification module. Classification decision for discrimination function and simulated detection for this system were achieved by using automatic classification module.Results: In the simulation experiments, the detection results for sample cell demonstrated the recognition accuracy can achieve to 93% and the speed can achieve to 97.8 cells per second for this system.Conclusion: The automatic recognition and classification system for leukocyte not only reduces human consumption, but also improves the detection accuracy and detection speed for leukocyte, and it has some significant in clinical application.
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Virtual experiments teaching has been characterized by openness, interactivity and re-source sharing. It efficiently improves the experiments teaching effects and promotes the teaching reform. At present the virtual experiment systems used by domestic universities can realize simulation of the ex-perimental principle, apparatus, object, operation and data. In the virtual experiment system students deepen the understanding of the experiments through foregrounding and the networked virtual experiment manage-ment effectively improves the effects of experiments teaching through behind-the-scenes action.
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In experimental teaching of medical physiology for medical students,simulation experiment,which is developed from animal substitute and animal protection,can mimic animal ex-periments by multiple medias,and result in increasing students' study interests,enhancing the teaching effects and decreasing the cost of goods including experiment animals.However,the ratio of simulation experiment to experimental teaching of medical physiology needs to be discussed and determined in future.
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The content of accounting is so abstract that the teaching result is poor in many universities.The author tried to make the simulation experiment in the after-activities to raise teaching result,and then analyzed its effect by questionnaire.